The Chapter on Capital Part 8: Surplus Value (pp. 321-326)

11 June 2026

If there is a surplus value at the end of production, a surplus value realised in exchange but presupposed to it (that is, determined before commodities enter into it), then this means that the labour-time objectified (“vergegenständlichte”) in the product is greater than that present in the original components of capital.

More (pdf, 78 KB): The Chapter on Capital Part 8: Surplus Value (pp. 321-326)